Lidar is a radar system that emits laser beams to detect target position, velocity and other characteristic quantities. In terms of working principle, there is no fundamental difference with microwave radar: the detection signal (laser beam) is transmitted to the target, and then the received signal reflected from the target (target echo) is compared with the transmitted signal and processed appropriately , You can get the relevant information of the target, such as target distance, azimuth, altitude, speed, attitude, even shape and other parameters, so as to detect, track and identify targets such as aircraft and missiles.
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Depending on the scanning mechanism, there are two types of laser ranging radar: 2D and 3D. Most of them rely on a rotating mirror to emit laser light and measure the distance between the emitted light and the reflected light from the surface of the object. The reflector of the 3D laser ranging radar is also pitched within a certain range to achieve the effect of surface scanning. They are all direct ranging methods. Compared with 3D laser ranging radar, 2D laser ranging radar only scans on one plane, the structure is simple, the ranging speed is fast, and the system is stable and reliable. At present, 2D laser ranging radar is mainly used in indoor mobile robots, because in the indoor structured environment, the ground is flat and all obstacles are perpendicular to the ground, so as long as the robot can be obtained on a plane parallel to the ground Environmental information is sufficient for navigation. Many indoor mobile robot applications, such as environment map generation, robot self-positioning, obstacle avoidance, etc., are based on 2D laser ranging radar. However, it is quite difficult to use 2D laser ranging radar for obstacle detection in off-road environments. Due to the complex off-road terrain and uneven terrain, it will cause violent bumps when the car body is driving. The 2D laser ranging radar can only be a single line scan, so it is inevitable that it will cause more serious obstacles to miss detection and false reporting.
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Environmental awareness is one of the key technologies of mobile robot research. The environmental information around the robot can be used to navigate, avoid obstacles and perform specific tasks. Sensors that acquire this information need both a sufficiently large field of view to cover the entire work area and a high acquisition rate to ensure that real-time information can be provided in a moving environment.
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In recent years, the application of lidar in mobile robot navigation has been increasing. This is mainly because the laser-based distance measurement technology has many advantages, especially its high accuracy. By scanning the laser beam or light plane in two or three dimensions, the lidar can provide a large amount of accurate distance information at a higher frequency. Compared with other distance sensors, lidar can consider both accuracy and speed requirements, which is especially suitable for mobile robots. In addition, lidar can work not only in the presence of ambient light, but also in the dark, and the measurement effect is better in the dark.
According to a statistical report from the International Federation of Robotics (IFR), the global sales volume of industrial robots in 2013 was about 179,000 units, and the demand reached a record high, an increase of 12% year-on-year; of which, about 37,000 units were sold in China, with global sales Ranked first, an increase of 60% year-on-year. China has become the largest consumer of robots. According to the latest report from Allied Market Research, the global industrial robot market will grow at a CAGR of 5.4% from 2013 to 2020, and its sales will reach USD 41.17 billion by 2020.
Recently, the research and application of robot technology has rapidly expanded from the industrial field to aerospace, defense and military, national security, medical rehabilitation, social services and other fields.
In 2013, the McKinsey Global Institute released the "Disruptive Technology Leading Global Economic Change" report, including advanced robots in the Internet of Things, cloud technology, next-generation genetic technology, 3D printing, new materials, renewable energy and other 12 items Item 5 in disruptive technology. It is estimated that by 2025, robots will bring the global economic scale of 1.7 to 4.5 trillion US dollars every year.
As an important indicator to measure a country's technological innovation and high-end manufacturing level, the development of the robot industry has attracted more and more attention from countries around the world. The major economies have raised the development of the robot industry into a national strategy, and used it as a way to maintain and regain manufacturing. Important means of competitive advantage in the industry.
As an important component unit of the robot system, the vision system plays the role of "eye". With its unique advantages, lidar technology is increasingly used in robot vision systems.
As the world's largest robot market in the future, my country's smart robot industry has entered a golden development period and has attracted much market attention. In 2013, the global sales volume of industrial robots was about 179,000 units, and the demand reached the highest point in history, an increase of 12% year-on-year. Among them, the sales volume in China was about 37,000 units, ranking first in the world, with an increase of 60% year-on-year. China has become the largest consumer of robots. At present, major economies have raised the development of the robot industry into a national strategy, and used it as an important means to maintain and regain the competitive advantage of the manufacturing industry. With the rapid growth of my country's smart robot industry, the government's industrial policies and supporting funds have also increased synchronously. The lidar and laser vision system will also take the "Robot Dongfeng" to get further development!
